Estimation of daily CO, NOx, Black Carbon,
and Organic Carbon emission from biomass burning using AVHRR
data
Gregory
R. Carmichael (gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu)
During TRACE-P intensive period, we estimated emissions from various
sources in support of chemical transport modeling and flight planning.
To provide an estimation of temporal variability, we included intermittent
sources like forest fires as an on-line source, i.e., we used remote-sensed
(RS) data to "spot" fires and then calculate the emissions
from that. We produced daily CO, NOx, Black Carbon(BC), and Organic
Carbon(OC) emissions from fire count AVHRR data provided from the
World Fire Web(WFW), and TOMS AI data.(TOMS Aerosol homepage, http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/aerosols/aerosols.html)
Emissions from biomass burning were estimated only for field combustion – burning
of forest, savanna, and agricultural residues. We called the burning
of forest and savanna as out-field combustion, and burning of agricultural
residues as in-field combustion.
The methodology we used to estimate daily emission amount from
field combustion consisted of :
1) Estimation
of total emission amount from field combustion - For in-field combustion
amount, we used our emission database which came
from Argonne National Laboratory (Dr. David Streets) For
out-field and background emission, we used the result of Galanter
et al.(2000) research.
2) Finding
spatial allocation factors - For only the regions which fires actively
occurred from March to April (Indian sub-continent and Southeast
Asia), daily fire emission was analyzed. The data from WFW originally
from NOAA AVHRR, was used for spatial and temporal (daily) allocation
factor. TOMS-Aerosol
Index from NASA was used to reduce both cloud interference and
deficiency of satellite coverage.
3) Estimation
of emission factors – Emission factors for each species were estimated
by dividing total emission amount by total fire count. We used
a 3-year average(1999, 2000, and 2001), AI adjusted fire count
data which was derived from previous step 2) for 2-month period.
4) Estimation
of daily emission -
Daily emission of each species were derived by multiplying emission
factors by AI-adjusted fire count of each day.
During the intensive field activity, we produced original fire count
image(12kb/day), TOMS AI image(20kb/day), non-adjusted fire count
image(75kb/day), adjusted fire count image with landcover(75kb/day), emission
time series image(12kb/day), fire count time series image by landcover(12kb/day)
and daily emission data of each species(150kb/day/species) to the
internet website URL, (http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/ACESS/EMISSION_DATA/ED_index.htm).
They were usually downloaded around 6 am in field time and about
10minite required for processing data.
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