Instrument: Ground
based FTIR
Principal
Investigator: Makoto
Koike
Co-Investigator: Yutaka
Kondo
Yongjing
Zhao
Katsuhisa
Suzuki
Hideaki
Nakane
Isao
Murata
Organization
of PI:
Department of Earth and
Planetary Science
Graduate School of Science
The University of Tokyo
Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
phone: +81-3-5841-4595
fax: +81-3-5841-4586
e-mail: koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Principle
of Operation:
We have been measuring tropospheric column amounts of carbon
monoxide (CO), ethyne (C2H2), ethane
(C2H6), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) using
Fourier-transform infrared spectrometers (FTIR) which were
placed at the Moshiri and Rikubetsu Observatories and Tsukuba
Japan (Table 1). Resolution
of the instrumentals is 0.0013 cm-1 or 0.0024 cm-1. Measurements
began at these three sites in 1996, 1995, and 1998, respectively. Amounts
of CO, C2H2, C2H6,
and HCN have been retrieved from the solar spectra in the micro-windows
at 2058-2070 cm-1 and 2158.3 cm-1, 3250.7 cm-1, 2976.8 cm-1,
and 3287.2 cm-1, respectively. The
precision and absolute accuracy of the total column measurements
are 5-7% for CO and C2H6 and they are
8-15% for C2H2 and HCN. The
retrieved CO, C2H2, C2H6,
and HCN data since 1995 show seasonal variations and changes
within shorter time periods. Measurements of these species will be made before, during,
and after the TRACE-P deployment. Since
CO, C2H2, and C2H6 are
mostly anthropogenically emitted over Asian continent, they
are good indicators of the degree of influence from anthropogenic
emissions. HCN is likely produced near the earth’s surface by biomass
burning and biological activity and it can be used as an indicator
to assess this influence.
After the TRACE-P
deployment, post-mission analyses will be made. First,
intercomparison of the FTIR observations with the DC-8 and P-3
aircraft observations will be made to confirm the consistency
of the measurements. Second,
by combining FTIR data and aircraft data, spatial and temporal
changes in CO, C2H2, C2H6,
and HCN will be studied. This
analysis will place the aircraft observations in the context
of seasonal changes of these key species. Third,
analyses using 3 dimensional chemistry transport model will be
made to study sources and photochemical and transport processes,
which control the distribution of these key species. Because
these processes change with season, a comparison of model results
with our data can be a good test to assess our understanding
on those processes.
Table 1
Name
of site Location
Moshiri 44.4°N,
142.3°E
Rikubetsu 43.5°N,
143.8°E
Tsukuba 36.0°N,
140.1°E
References:
Li,
Q., D.J. Jacob, I. Bey, R.M. Yantosca, Y. Zhao, Y. Kondo, and
J.Notholt, Atmospheric hydrogen cyanide (HCN): Biomass burning
source, ocean sink?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27,
357-360, 2000
Liu,
X., et al., Comparison of HF and HCl vertical profiles from ground-based
high-resolution infrared solar spectra with Halogen Occultation
Experiment observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 10,175-10,181,
1996
Pougatchev,
N.S., N.B. Jones, B.J. Connor, C.P. Rinsland, E. Becker, M.T.
Coffey, V.S. Connors, P. Demoulin, A.V. Dzhola, H. Fast, E.I.
Grechko, J.W. Hanningan, M. Koike, Y. Kondo, E. Mahieu, W.G.
Mankin, R.L. Mittermeier, J. Norholt, H.G. Reichle Jr., B. Sen,
L.P. Steele, G.C. Toon, L.N. Yurganov, R. Znader, and Y. Zhao,
Ground-based infrared solar spectroscopic measurements of carbon
monoxide during 1994 Measurement of Air Pollution From Space
flights, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19,317-19,325, 1998.
Rinsland,
C. P., et al., Diurnal variation of atmospheric nitric oxide:
Ground-based infrared spectroscopic measurements and their interpretation
with time-dependent photochemical model calculations, J. Geophys.
Res., 89, 9613-9622, 1984.
Zhao,
Y., Y. Kondo, F.J. Murcray, X. Liu, M. Koike, K. Kita, H. Nakajima,
I. Murata, and K. Suzuki, Carbon monoxide column abundances and
tropospheric concentrations retrieved from high resolution ground-based
infrared solar spectra at 43.5?N over Japan, J. Geophys. Res.,
102,
23,403-23,411,
1997.
Zhao,
Y., Y. Kondo, X.Liu, M. Koike, H.Nakajima, I. Murata, F.J. Murcray,
and K. Suzuki, Proc. Quadren. Ozone Symp. 1996, Spectroscopic
measurements of carbon monoxide at 34.5 °N and 43.5 °N in Japan,
643-646, 1998.
Zhao,
Y., Y. Kondo, F.J. Murcray, X. Liu, M. Koike, H. Irie, K. Suzuki,
M. Sera, and Y. Ikegami, Seasonal variations of HCN over northern
Japan measured by ground-based infrared solar spectroscopy, Geophys.
Res. Lett., in press 2000.
|